![]() ![]() Digit ratios and hand pattern analysis have the potential to narrow down the search to particular sex thus giving a sense of direction to the forensic investigation.ĭuring our literature review, we found that there is limited data on population-based studies on the correlation of digit ratios. It is here that accurate sexing of the human remains is essential. Variations in the digit ratio and hand patterns between populations can be utilized well in forensic casework in cases of mass disasters whereby it is impossible to identify their physical features. Study on the index and ring finger ratio is also crucial in terms of its legal significance. The ratios are said to vary owing to the individual variance in height, gender, ethnicity, and genetic influence. Studies have reported variations in digit ratios among different ethnic and geographic groups. ![]() The ratio of 2D:4D has been shown to be directly related to various human phenotypic traits like special abilities, numerical, spatial, and behavioral skills (Luxen and Buunk 2005). Individual 2D:4D ratio remains relatively stable over the lifespan. 2010) and then present in newborns (Ventura et al. ![]() Sex difference on 2D:4D is generally fixed in utero (Malas et al. In humans, the second finger to the fourth finger (2D:4D) ratio is sexually dimorphic (Manning 2008). However, most commonly, digit ratios indicate only 2D (index finger):4D (ring finger) ratios as this ratio has been shown to be sensitive and interlinked with health hazards and human traits (Mayhew et al. Digit ratio is the ratio of the length of different digits or fingers typically measured from the bottom crease where the fingers join the hands to the tip of the fingers. In prior researches on hand patterns and digit ratios, it has been concluded that the two most significant contributing factors to this pattern are the gender and the race of a person. Hand pattern refers to the outline of the palm and fingers in the adducted position. The morphological and anthropometric relationship that exists between different parts of the body and sex of an individual has been of great interest to forensic experts, anthropologists, and medical scientist for a long time. The pattern A (2D<4D) is seen to be the most common trait among the three ethnicities of Malaysia with an exception seen in the right hands of Indians. The study suggests that ratio below or equal to 0.90 is suggestive of female sex for both hands, while a ratio of more than 0.91 is suggestive of male sex for both hands. Results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a highly significant difference in the hand patterns of both the hands when compared to gender. Indian females, however, showed dominance in hand pattern C in their right hands (60%), and hand pattern B (2D = 4D) dominated in their left hands (44%). Among the females, the most common trait in Malays and Chinese are the hand pattern A in both their hands. Among the males, all three races show dominance in hand pattern A except in Chinese whereby the C hand pattern was dominant in their right hands (44%). Hand pattern A (2D4D) shows dominance in their right hands with a score of 46% while hand pattern A dominates their left hands. Based on this ration, the hand patterns were classified as A, B, and C types. Individual lengths of the fingers were then measured and tabulated to serve as the basis for analyzing the 2D (second digit):4D (fourth digit) hand ratio. To distinguish the characteristic hand pattern of each of the three different ethnicities in Malaysia and to study the hand pattern correlation between race and gender. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |